SAP SD Basic Accounting

As a SAP SD professional, you must be able to explain the basic of accounts and GL accounts in customizing.

Business process High level Overview

let’s imagine a simple business process:

• Company sells goods and create a Sales Order for 2,200 dollars
  (Selling price is 2,000 dollars plus 200 dollars sales tax)
• Create delivery document that starts the delivery process
• Process Goods Issue (GI) when goods leave the warehouse
• Billing customer (Billing document)
• Accounts Receivable or Clearing (get money from customer)

The material is valued at 1,000 dollars (the price in material master > accounting view)

The yellow blocks are those transactions that will create FI documents (accounting entries). 

GL account postings

Lets look at the postings to GL account (using T accounts)

The GL accounts in diagram is to show typical numbers. GL account determination of the Goods Issue transaction is set up in Automatic Account determination (in Materials Management). Revenue Account determination is done in SD.

Organization Units and their assignment

• The highest-level organizational unit in SD module is Sales Organization.
• A sales area is a combination of a sales organization, DC and division.
• A sales organization is uniquely assigned to a company code.
• DC is assigned to a sales organization. The assignment is not unique.
• A division is assigned to a sales organization. The assignment is not unique.
• A plant is assigned to a combination of sales organization and distribution channel.
• A plant is assigned to a company code.
• A material can have only one division.
• By defining and assigning Sales Org, DC and Div a sales area is not automatically formed. You have to set up a sales area.
• A sales office is assigned to a sales area.
• A sales group is assigned to a sales office.

SAP System Landscape

SAP System Landscape

System landscape basically is the set-up or arrangement of SAP servers

System landscape consists of the 

1.     Development Server

2.     Quality Assurance Server

3.      Production Server-PROD

R/3 stands for real time three tier architecture

1.     Presentation Server -SAP GUI.-Presentation Layer-This layer is the interface between the SAP System and its users,The presentation layer sends the user’s input to the application server, and receives data for display from It.

2.     Application Layer-Where SAP is Installed-The software components of the application layer consist of one or more ABAP application servers and a message server

3.     Database Layer-Where Database is installed.The database layer consists of a central database system which in turn is made up of the database management system (DBMS)